A personal pronoun is a short word we use as a simple substitute for the proper name of a person. Each of the English personal pronouns shows us the grammatical person, gender, number, and case of the noun it replaces. I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, and them are all personal pronouns.
Personal pronouns are the stunt doubles of grammar; they stand in for the people (and perhaps animals) who star in our sentences. They allow us to speak and write with economy because they enable us to avoid repeating cumbersome proper nouns all the livelong day.
With personal pronouns, this paragraph becomes much easier, and much less annoying, to read.
First-, second-, and third-person pronouns
A personal pronoun can be in one of three “persons.” A first-person pronoun refers to the speaker, a second-person pronoun refers to the person being spoken to, and a third-person pronoun refers to the person being spoken of. For each of these three grammatical persons, there is a plural as well.
Subject and object pronouns
Personal pronouns can be either subjects or objects in a sentence. Subject pronouns are said to be in the nominative case, whereas object pronouns are said to be in the objective case.
| Person | Nominative | Objective |
| First singular | I | me |
| Second singular | you | you |
| Third singular | he, she, they, it | him, her, them, it |
| First plural | we | us |
| Second plural | you | you |
| Third plural | they | them |
The interrogative pronouns for all three persons are the same: who (nominative) and whom (objective). Many people get confused about when to use the interrogative objective pronoun whom, but it is quite easy to learn.
To whom
should I address my letter? (whom = interrogative objective; I = first person singular nominative) We
would like to invite Stacy to join us
for dinner. (we = first person plural nominative; us = first person plural objective)
Second person singular vs. plural
One pitfall of English is that it uses the same word, you, for both the second person singular and plural. Many other languages do not have this problem, because they use distinct words for each. But in English, we need a context to determine whether you is singular or plural.
From this sentence alone, we can’t determine whether one person, or two, or five hundred people are being invited to share a meal. This is why in some parts of the world, we hear additions to you when a plural is indicated, like you lot in the UK or you all (or y’all) in America. It probably goes without saying that you should keep this out of your formal writing.
The singular they
While the second person has a number issue, the third person has a gender solution for cases when the gender of the third-person singular pronoun is indeterminate or neutral.
Using he or she and him or her is preferred by most style guides, but informally, a singular they is often used.
The singular they is deemed acceptable usage by the Associated Press, Merriam-Webster, and several other language guides.
Personal pronoun FAQs
What are personal pronouns?
Personal pronouns are a type of pronoun that substitutes for another noun. Personal pronouns show the number, grammatical person, and sometimes gender of the noun.
What are examples of personal pronouns?
The personal pronouns for subjects are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. For objects, they are me, you, him, her, it, us, and them.
Should personal pronouns be capitalized?
Only the personal pronoun I should be capitalized all the time. The other pronouns are only capitalized when they begin a sentence or form a proper noun (such as the movie Us).
Should you use personal pronouns in an essay?
Personal pronouns are perfectly acceptable in essays. However, in academic essays and other formal papers, it’s best to avoid the first- and second-person pronouns (I, me, we, us, you) for the sake of objectivity.
